![]() But it also serves as a tool for scientists to study how the brain regains consciousness after disruptions such as sleep, coma or medical procedures requiring general anesthesia. It has enabled countless medical procedures. eLife digestĪnesthesia is a state of reversable, controlled unconsciousness. ![]() Early engagement of prefrontal cortex in recovery of consciousness and cognition is consistent with global neuronal workspace theory. Contrary to our hypothesis, executive function returned first. Consistent with our hypothesis, cognitive reconstitution after anesthesia evolved over time. We found that, just prior to the recovery of consciousness, frontal-parietal dynamics returned to baseline. We hypothesized that recovery of consciousness and cognition is an extended process, with differential recovery of cognitive functions that would commence with return of responsiveness and end with return of executive function, mediated by prefrontal cortex. We administered a battery of neurocognitive tests and recorded electroencephalography to assess cortical dynamics. To address this question, we conducted a multicenter study of 60 healthy humans, half of whom received general anesthesia for 3 hr and half of whom served as awake controls. ![]() Understanding how the brain recovers from unconsciousness can inform neurobiological theories of consciousness and guide clinical investigation.
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